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A hybrid method for product low-end disruptive innovation

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0690-6

摘要： Product innovation is often a process for improving existing products. Low-end disruptive innovation (LDI) enables a product to meet the most price-sensitive customers in the low-end market. The existing LDI methods are mainly based on unnecessary characteristics of disruptive innovations. Thus, they cannot easily identify and respond to the LDI design needs. This study proposes a hybrid method for the product LDI in two levels of the product design based on the summarized definition and essential characteristics of LDI. Feasible areas of the product LDI are determined using a hybrid relational function model to identify the maturity of dominant technologies. The technologies are identified through the technical search and evaluation of the feasible area for innovation to form an initial LDI scheme. Then, the product function is optimized using the trimming concept of theory of inventive problem solving based on the characteristics of LDI. The final LDI scheme is formed and evaluated based on the essential characteristics of the product LDI. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified in the design of a new dropping pill machine.

关键词： low-end disruptive innovation product design design improvement theory of inventive problem solving TRIZ trimming

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DARPA的颠覆性技术创新及其启示

曹晓阳,魏永静,李莉,张科,苗红波,安向超,刘安蓉

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 122-128 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.020

摘要：

作为开展颠覆性技术创新的典范，美国国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）被越来越多的国家、政府部门和大型企业所追随，其争相参照DARPA模式开展颠覆性技术创新。但是，至今鲜有能与DARPA相匹配的成就，对于如何才能再建一个辉煌的DARPA还没有共识。从最近十几年各类主体模仿DARPA的实践经验来看，DARPA显性化的组织结构和运行机制是DARPA成功的基础，但不是精髓。本文从演化论的角度，分析了DARPA成长的历史过程，从成长环境、竞争态势、利益格局、价值追求等方面探讨了DARPA成功的原因。笔者认为DARPA的成功是与发展环境长期磨合、斗争的结果，坚定的信仰与初心、极低的本位主义、拆掉各种思想和利益之墙的格局、前瞻的战略视野是DARPA成功的重要支柱。通过DARPA的经验，本文认为要加快颠覆性技术的发展需要特殊的管理方式——“体外”特区。

关键词：颠覆性技术颠覆性技术创新 DARPA “体外”特区

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分类支持基础研究促进全链条颠覆性技术创新

张慧琴,平婧,孙昌璞

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 24-26 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.004

摘要：

近年来，我国在科技领域取得了巨大的进步，但明显存在关键技术的“卡脖子”问题。为了有效地推动我国科学技术源头创新，从根本上解决“卡脖子”问题，必须回归基础研究。为探究基础研究催生颠覆性技术，本文阐述了基础研究的内涵，并根据基础研究面向的目标，将基础研究分为四大类型：面向重大科学目标的基础研究、国家需求牵引的基础研究、以人才为本的自由探索型基础研究和以实际应用为目标的基础研究；在分析各类型基础研究特点及发展需求的基础上，提出实施差异化的稳定支持、促进全链条颠覆性技术创新的发展建议。

关键词：基础研究颠覆性技术分类支持

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Innovation practice in engineering management of the Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City

Yimin LIU, Longbin HE, Xuan LI, Qin ZHENG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 302-307 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0031-6

摘要： Shanghai Baoye Group Engineering Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Longgang Construction and Works Bureau Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Yinjian’an Engineering Project Management Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Jiuyi Green Operation Management Co. Ltd.

关键词： low-carbon city low-carbon design city-industry integration low-carbon development low-carbon management

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Trends and driving forces of low-carbon energy technology innovation in China’s industrial sectors from

Xi ZHANG, Yong GENG, Yen Wah TONG, Harn Wei KUA, Huijuan DONG, Hengyu PAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 473-486 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0738-z

摘要： Low-carbon energy technology (LC) innovation contributes to both environmental protection and economic development. Using the panel data of 30 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China from 1998 to 2017, this paper constructs a two-layer logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to uncover the factors influencing the variation of the innovation of LC in China’s industrial sectors, including the alternative energy production technology (AEPT) and the energy conversation technology (ECT). The results show that China’s industrial LC patent applications rapidly increased after 2005 and AEPT patent applications outweighed ECT patent applications all the time with a gradually narrowing gap. Low-carbon degree played the dominant role in promoting the increase in China’s industrial LC patent applications, followed by the economic scale, R&D (research and development) efficiency, and R&D share. Economic structure contributed to the increases in LC patent applications in the central and the western regions, while led to the decreases in the eastern region, the north-eastern region, and Chinese mainland . Low-carbon degree and economic scale were two main contributors to the growths of both industrial AEPT patent applications and ECT patent applications in Chinese mainland and the four regions. Several policy recommendations are made to further promote industrial innovation in China.

关键词： low-carbon energy technology (LC) logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) industrial sector regional disparity China

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Topology-independent end-to-end learning model for improving the voltage profile in microgrids-integrated

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 211-227 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0847-3

摘要： With multiple microgrids (MGs) integrated into power distribution networks in a distributed manner, the penetration of renewable energy like photovoltaic (PV) power generation surges. However, the operation of power distribution networks is challenged by the issues of multiple power flow directions and voltage security. Accordingly, an efficient voltage control strategy is needed to ensure voltage security against ever-changing operating conditions, especially when the network topology information is absent or inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven voltage profile improvement model, denoted as system-wide composite adaptive network (SCAN), which depends on operational data instead of network topology details in the context of power distribution networks integrated with multiple MGs. Unlike existing studies that realize topology identification and decision-making optimization in sequence, the proposed end-to-end model determines the optimal voltage control decisions in one shot. More specifically, the proposed model consists of four modules, Pre-training Network and modified interior point methods with adversarial networks (Modified IPMAN) as core modules, and discriminator generative adversarial network (Dis-GAN) and Volt convolutional neural network (Volt-CNN) as ancillary modules. In particular, the generator in SCAN is trained by the core modules in sequence so as to form an end-to-end mode from data to decision. Numerical experiments based on IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus systems have validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

关键词： end-to-end learning microgrids voltage profile improvement generative adversarial network

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Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 171-176 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0247-8

摘要： In the Industry 4.0 era, disruptive technologies such as big data analytics, blockchain, Internet-of-Things, and additive manufacturing have become major forces driving supply chain transformation. Under such circumstances, particular attention should be attached to balancing resilience and efficiency of the supply chain, especially in the presence of more turbulence. In this study, we first summarize the conflicts between supply chain efficiency and supply chain resilience regarding practices and objectives. Then, we discuss the positive effects of disruptive technologies in improving resilience and efficiency. Afterwards, we propose a research agenda that covers both the influence mechanism and trade-off mechanism of these technologies in terms of resilience and efficiency.

关键词： disruptive technologies supply chain resilience efficiency paradox balance

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医学科技颠覆性技术展望

李永洁,杨俊涛,杜建

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 64-68 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.010

摘要：

随着医学与现代信息技术、材料科技等技术的深度交叉融合，极大地促进了医学科技的发展，疾病诊断和治疗模式发生革命性的变化。本文主要从医学领域的肿瘤免疫治疗、基因编辑技术、医学人工智能、合成生物学技术和干细胞与转化医学五个技术方向，分析评价其发展态势；结合文献、智库报告和专家观点，对医学科技发展方向进行初探，提出重视医学基础研究投入、优化医学科技战略顶层设计、完善政策及监管体系等政策建议。

关键词：医学科技颠覆性技术肿瘤免疫治疗基因编辑

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Technology Innovation and Practice of Green Exploitation Projects of Oil and Gas in the Western Sichuan

Hong-yong Liu,Yi-qi Chen,Yi Yang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 71-75 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015010

摘要： The green (environmentally friendly) project of mining oil and gas in the Western Sichuan area is based on the green low-carbon development strategy of the China Petrochemical Corporation, and it commits to form a complete set of technological developments in oil and gas extraction processes. The project focuses on technology innovation in three aspects: reuse of fracturing flow back fluid, reuse of drilling fluid, and configuration of fracturing fluid and drilling fluid by formation water. A series of technology innovations not only realize the green low-carbon strategy of the enterprise, but also play an important role in lowering cost and improving efficiency. In addition, the technology achieves remarkable social and economic benefits and inspires the ideas for industry technology innovation.

关键词： oil and gas exploitation green low-carbon technology innovation strategic thinking

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Disruptive technologies for advancing supply chain resilience

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 360-366 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0257-1

摘要： Disruptive technologies provide a new paradigm for supply chain risk management and bring opportunities and challenges for the improvement of supply chain resilience (SCRes). This study summarizes the application cases of some disruptive technologies in the SCRes and analyzes the benefits and damages brought by disruptive technologies to the SCRes. The results show that disruptive technologies can provide the supply chain with flexibility, visibility, agility, and other capabilities at various stages of risk management. Hence, technology advancements greatly increase the level of the SCRes. Although disruptive technologies undermine the construction of SCRes, these damages can be eliminated through technology iteration or other disruptive technologies. Furthermore, disruptive technologies will provide better stability for the SCRes. The study also makes several suggestions for the use of disruptive technologies in the construction of the SCRes.

关键词： supply chain resilience disruptive technology supply chain risk

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低碳经济：理念·实践·创新

金涌,王垚,胡山鹰,朱兵

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第9期页码 4-13

摘要：

根据我国的能源消耗及CO2排放现状，提出应从产业结构调整、能源结构调整、科技创新、消费过程优化及政策法规支持5个方面开展工作，阐述了各方面所能采取的举措，重点分析了一些具有实践价值的科技创新方向。

关键词：低碳经济能源消耗产业结构能源结构

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国外颠覆性技术识别方法浅析

王安,孙棕檀,沈艳波,徐源

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第5期页码 79-84 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.05.014

摘要：

颠覆性技术另辟蹊径，对已有传统或主流技术途径产生颠覆性效果，具有极大的应用前景，各国均积极对颠覆性技术进行识别与早期培育。本文梳理了一些国外政府机构、智库、情报机构、咨询公司、高校、专利分析机构等发布的典型技术识别研究报告，对其中的颠覆性技术识别方法进行了归纳、分析与评价，以期为我国开展相应的颠覆性技术识别方法研究提供借鉴。

关键词：颠覆性技术识别方法

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重大耗能设备低碳运行智能控制方法 Article

柴天佑, 李明宇, 周正, 程思宇, 贾瑶, 吴志伟

《工程（英文）》 2023年第27卷第8期页码 84-95 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.018

摘要：

本文在分析重大耗能设备运行专家的运行控制行为的基础上，将机理分析与深度学习，控制与优化和预测相结合，决策与控制相集成，提出了使单吨能耗在目标范围内尽可能小的低碳运行智能控制方法。该方法由设定值控制、自优化校正、跟踪控制组成。采用工业互联网端边云协同技术，研制了低碳运行的智能控制系统，成功应用于电熔镁炉，取得减少碳排放的显著效果。

关键词：重大耗能设备低碳运行智能控制端边云协同技术

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一种端到端语音合成中的高效解码自注意力网络 Research Article

赵伟1,2,许力1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第7期页码 1127-1138 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100501

摘要：自注意力网络由于其并行结构和强大的序列建模能力，被广泛应用于语音合成（TTS）领域。然而，当使用自回归解码方法进行端到端语音合成时，由于序列长度的二次复杂性，其推理速度相对较慢。当部署设备未配备图形处理器（GPU）时，该效率问题更加严重。为解决该问题，提出一种高效解码自注意力网络（EDSA）作为替代。通过一个动态规划解码过程，有效加速TTS模型推理，使其具有线性计算复杂度。基于普通话和英文数据集的实验结果表明，所提EDSA模型在中央处理器（CPU）和GPU上的推理速度分别提高720%和50%，而性能几乎相同。因此，在GPU资源有限的情况下，该方法可使此类模型的部署更加容易。此外，所提模型在域外语言处理上可能比基线Transformer TTS性能更好。

关键词：高效解码；端到端；自注意力网络；语音合成

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我国增材制造技术与产业发展研究

王磊,卢秉恒

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第4期页码 202-211 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.018

摘要： strong>Corresponding author:Wang Lei is an associate research fellow from the Collaborative InnovationCenter of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University.

关键词：增材制造 3D打印先进制造高端装备产业复杂构件结构创新